Throne of Origins

Remains of a spectacular Buddhist monastery atop a hill in Kyhber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan:

by Fazan Khaliq

The ostentatious structure and imposing relics of the Buddhist monastery Takht-i-Bhai (Throne of Origins) has captivated a large number of tourists who have flocked to see the ancient site which dates back to early 1st century AD.

Listed in the World Heritage List, Takhit-i- Bhai is considered one of the most well-structured Buddhist monasteries in the Gandhara district. Perched about 500 feet atop a small hill, about 2 kilometers east of the Takht Bhai bazaar in the Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) in Pakistan, once known as the heart of the Gandhara civilization, it attracts tourists, historians, archaeologists and Buddhists from across the world.

The Buddhist complex and the village, as locals say, is named after the two wells found on top of the hill near the complex, however, the majority believe that takht means throne and bhai means water in the Persian language.

"We believe that it was named after the spring located on the left side of the Buddhist site," claims Habib Khan, a local resident.

The historical site is an archaeological wonder, considered to be significant because of its unique design. "The site is extremely important for its integrity and unique state of conservation; important also for its antiquity, being built certainly during the 1st century CE, as proven by the important inscriptions bearing the name of Gondophares (20-46 CE)," says the Director of the Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, Dr Luca Maria Olivieri.

He says Gondophares was a Parthian King of the Suren House, from Sakastan, or Sistan (a Suren general defeated the Roman forces in the battle of Carrhae, in today's Turkey, in 53 BCE, where 20,000 Romas were killed and 10,000 captured).

"Soon after Gondophares, Takht-i-Bahi was under the control of Kujula Kadphises, the first Kushan King. The site remained in use certainly until Late Antiquity (7th CE)," he adds.

He says the site is a symbol of architectural complexity of a Buddhist monastic complex, and it should be considered a wonderful introduction to Gandharan Buddhist architecture, a must stop for tourist heading towards Swat.

The grandeur of its architecture and serenity of its location leaves inerasable traces in the minds and hearts of visitors.

"It is really a perfect place for those who love history, antiquity and archaeology. The architecture and its engineering is of high class. It really inspires me and I invite everyone to come and see this monument," says Hamza Iqbal, a tourist from Lahore.

A group of college students from Peshawar were also busy observing various sections of the monastery.

"I am a second year student of Archaeology and seeing this great Buddhist site is a unique experience.

The architecture is astonishing, it shows how highly advanced those people were in civil works and engineering," says Junaid Ahmad, an archaeology student.

The influx of tourists is a good source of earning for the local transporters, shopkeepers and restaurant owners especially during the months between September to April.

"During the peak season, we take Rs. 200 to 300 for one side from Takht-i-Bhai bazaar to the Buddhist site and often make seven to ten trips and earn a handsome amount," says Iqbal Ali, a local rickshaw driver.