Saudi's 'unprecedented killing wave'
By Caroline Hawley
An artist sentenced to death for apostasy. Three young Shia Muslims
-arrested when they were minors - faced with beheading. And reports in
the Saudi press of the imminent execution of more than 50 people.
Saudi Arabia's use of the death penalty has sparked international
alarm.
The country's human rights record has been back in the news since
January, when liberal blogger Raif Badawi was flogged after being
convicted of insulting Islam.
That same month, a disturbing video emerged of a Burmese woman
accused of murder screaming: "I did not kill" until the moment her head
was severed with a sword on a Saudi street.
So far this year, more than 150 people have been executed - the
highest figure recorded by human rights groups for 20 years.
Dozens of them were convicted of non-violent crimes, including drug
offences. Human rights activists say many of the trials were unfair.
Lack of transparency
Amnesty International has described "an unprecedented wave of
executions marking a grim new milestone in the Saudi Arabian
authorities' use of the death penalty."
So what is behind the rise of executions? A lack of transparency in
the Saudi legal system makes it difficult to know.
"There's a lot of speculation," says Adam Coogle, who monitors Saudi
Arabia's use of the death penalty, for Human Rights Watch. "But nobody
knows the real answer because the Saudis haven't said, and they won't
say."
This year has been an eventful one for Saudi Arabia. In January, King
Salman succeeded his more liberal brother, King Abdullah, ushering in a
new, more muscular foreign policy. In March, the Saudis began a bombing
campaign in Yemen against Houthi rebels in which thousands of civilians
have been killed. And the Hajj stampede put the country under an
uncomfortable spotlight.
Sunni extremism has remained a constant threat, with the Islamic
State (IS) group or its affiliates killing at least 50 people in the
Shia east and south of the country.
But the increase in the rate of executions actually began back in
August 2014, according to human rights activists.
"Nearly all of those executed are sentenced on murder or drugs
charges, and it's possible that the crime rate is going up, with more
murders and more people bringing drugs into the country," says Coogle.
Another theory is linked to Saudi Arabia's restructuring, over the
past few years, of its justice system.
"It could be that, with the increase in the number of courts and
judges, the system has the capacity to address a backlog of cases,"
Coogle says.
A third theory is that it is part of a trend in the whole region
towards more executions, with a steep increase in the use of the death
penalty in Pakistan, and Jordan ending a moratorium on executions last
December.
"There's a sense in which regional instability is encouraging leaders
to try to appear tough," says Coogle.
Among those facing execution are al-Qaeda militants, as well as Shia
dissidents involved in an uprising in the east of the country that began
in 2011.
"The death sentences are retribution against Shia protesters, some of
whom were peaceful and some of whom may not have been," says Coogle.
"There's a clear message that if you take to the streets to challenge
the house of Saud, you may pay the ultimate price."
Capital punishment
Beheading with a sword is the most common form of execution.
Executions are often carried out in public.
Crimes that carry the death penalty include murder, adultery,
treason, gay sex, drug offences, sorcery, witchcraft and apostasy.
Human rights activists say those accused often do not receive fair
trials.
The families of prisoners facing the death penalty are not always
informed in advance of executions.
The case of the young Shia protester, Ali al-Nimr - who has become a
poster boy for those facing execution - has drawn appeals from world
leaders for King Salman to show mercy and refuse to sign his death
warrant.
He was convicted of a string of offences, including attacking police
with petrol bombs in anti-government protests in the east of the country
when he was only 17 and still at school.
His family says the confession he made was coerced and he signed it
after being told he would then be released.
The fate of Palestinian poet and artist Ashraf Fayadh, 35, has also
attracted international condemnation.
He was sentenced to death last week for apostasy, based on a book of
poetry he wrote several years ago.
UN human rights experts say the sentence is in violation of
international human rights law.
Hundreds of poets and writers from around the world have also called
for his release.
"The death sentence against Fayadh is the latest example of the
kingdom of Saudi Arabia's lack of tolerance for freedom of expression
and ongoing persecution of free thinkers," they said.
Indeed, when a Twitter user described Fayadh's sentence as
"Isis-like," one newspaper quoted a Justice Ministry official
threatening to sue.
"Executions are not the only serious human rights concern," says
Sevag Kechichian, Saudi researcher for Amnesty International.
"There's been a vicious and systematic crackdown on human rights
activists and on peaceful dissent in general - including bloggers and
online activists.
Saudi Arabia, controversially, became a member of the UN Human Rights
Council in 2013, for a three-year term.
Leaked diplomatic cables released earlier this year suggest British
and Saudi diplomats agreed to support each other's election to the
47-member Council.
The Saudi authorities reject international criticism over their human
rights record, saying their legal system - based on Sharia principles -
should be respected.
- BBC
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