
Solar system similar
to ours?
Richest planetary system discovered:
Astronomers using ESO's world-leading HARPS instrument have
discovered a planetary system containing at least five planets, orbiting
the Sun-like star HD 10180. The researchers also have tantalising
evidence that two other planets may be present, one of which would have
the lowest mass ever found. This would make the system similar to our
Solar System in terms of the number of planets (seven as compared to the
Solar System's eight planets). Furthermore, the team also found evidence
that the distances of the planets from their star follow a regular
pattern, as also seen in our Solar System.
"We have found what is most likely the system with the most planets
yet discovered," says Christophe Lovis, lead author of the paper
reporting the result. "This remarkable discovery also highlights the
fact that we are now entering a new era in exoplanet research: the study
of complex planetary systems and not just of individual planets. Studies
of planetary motions in the new system reveal complex gravitational
interactions between the planets and give us insights into the long-term
evolution of the system."

The team of astronomers used the HARPS spectrograph, attached to
ESO's 3.6-metre telescope at La Silla, Chile, for a six-year-long study
of the Sun-like star HD 10180, located 127 light-years away in the
southern constellation of Hydrus (the Male Water Snake). HARPS is an
instrument with unrivalled measurement stability and great precision and
is the world's most successful exoplanet hunter.
Thanks to the 190 individual HARPS measurements, the astronomers
detected the tiny back and forth motions of the star caused by the
complex gravitational attractions from five or more planets. The five
strongest signals correspond to planets with Neptune-like masses between
13 and 25 Earth masses which orbit the star with periods ranging from
about 6 to 600 days. These planets are located between 0.06 and 1.4
times the Earth-Sun distance from their central star.
"We also have good reasons to believe that two other planets are
present," says Lovis.
One would be a Saturn-like planet (with a minimum mass of 65 Earth
masses) orbiting in 2200 days. The other would be the least massive
exoplanet ever discovered, with a mass of about 1.4 times that of the
Earth. It is very close to its host star, at just two per cent of the
Earth-Sun distance. One "year" on this planet would last only 1.18
Earth-days.
"This object causes a wobble of its star of only about 3 km/hour
slower than walking speed and this motion is very hard to measure," says
team member Damien Scgransan. If confirmed, this object would be another
example of a hot rocky planet, similar to Corot-7b (eso0933).
The newly discovered system of planets around HD 10180 is unique in
several respects. First of all, with at least five Neptune-like planets
lying within a distance equivalent to the orbit of Mars, this system is
more populated than our Solar System in its inner region, and has many
more massive planets there. Furthermore, the system probably has no
Jupiter-like gas giant. In addition, all the planets seem to have almost
circular orbits.
So far, astronomers know of fifteen systems with at least three
planets. The last record-holder was 55 Cancri, which contains five
planets, two of them being giant planets. "Systems of low-mass planets
like the one around HD 10180 appear to be quite common, but their
formation history remains a puzzle," says Lovis.The discovery was
announced Aug. 24 at the international colloquium "Detection and
dynamics of transiting exoplanets," at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence,
France.
Courtesy: ScienceDaily |