Iraqis untouched by US surge
by Andrew North
"I haven't left my home in two months," says Kulsoom, a medical
student who lives in east Baghdad with her family.
Not to see friends or relatives, not to go shopping, not to go to
college for the extra training she would like before the new academic
year begins.

She has a lot of catching up to do. Kulsoom missed half her classes
last year because of bombs, shootings and other threats which prevented
either her or her teachers from reaching class.
Only a few family members ever go out, for daily essentials.
Otherwise they stay at home, day after day.
But they would agree with Gen Petraeus that there has been a drop in
violence since the American troop surge.
"There are fewer attacks," says Kulsoom. "Now it is only four or five
killed a day in our area. It used to be 20 or 30."
"But we are still afraid. Nothing has really changed."
Spoiling for a fight
This is typical of what you hear from many Baghdad residents, nine
months since President George W Bush announced his last-ditch bid to try
to turn Iraq round.
But that does not mean people feel any safer. It does not mean they
believe the US troop surge has yet led to any lasting change that is
bringing the fighting to an end.
More concrete barriers divide the city, more checkpoints. But they
have only dampened the violence, not addressed its causes, people say.
Even if most Iraqis are exhausted by conflict, the many factions are not
and the struggle for power goes on in a society which Ryan Crocker, the
US ambassador to Iraq, acknowledged was still deeply "traumatised" by
years under Saddam Hussein's brutal rule.
Sunni groups who have allied themselves with the Americans in the
former al-Qaeda stronghold of Anbar are not necessarily allies of the
Baghdad government. Many Sunni tribesmen openly say it is a "government
of Iran" controlled from Tehran.
The suspicion is returned by many in Prime Minister Nouri Maliki's
Shia-dominated government, who are anxious about the growing strength of
some of these Sunni groups.
There is no doubt that there has been a significant turnaround in
Anbar, because of the tribal rebellion against al-Qaeda there. It is the
one relative success the Americans can point to. But it is far from
clear this will help bring wider peace and reconciliation.
Militia rule
There is little sign of this either along other ethnic, political and
sectarian fault lines. Death squads still operate in Baghdad and many
cities, even if at lower levels than last year.
But among Shia militias in southern Iraq, fighting has intensified
this year. Moqtada Sadr's Mehdi Army has continued to penetrate deeper
into every aspect of life.
"Under Saddam, it was the mukhabarat [secret police] we were
terrified of," says shopkeeper Ali. "Now it is the Mehdi Army. They are
everywhere."
The only political progress since the surge is that the various
boycotts of parliament have ended. But there is no sign that Iraq's
politicians can now come together to agree on legislation such as
sharing oil revenues or constitutional reform.
In their marbled villas, hidden behind the walls and razor wire of
the Green Zone, Iraq's democratically elected politicians seem ever more
out of touch.
Outside, people wrestle with the same problems.
"We only get two hours of electricity a day," says Kulsoom.
"One in the morning, one in the evening."
The Americans send out constant press releases to journalists talking
of new projects to improve the power system. But the situation is as bad
as ever.
Even this lower level of violence is still shockingly high. Iraqis
still get kidnapped every day.
Gen Petraeus told Congress that the number of car bombs was down by
half from the start of the year. But they are still running at a rate of
three a day.
Leaving Iraq
With so little sign of permanent change, that is why so many people
continue to leave Iraq - up to 20,000 a week heading to already
overwhelmed Syria.
Kulsoom says 60 or 70 of her classmates have left in the past 18
months, many of her professors too.
One hopeful sign is that a majority of Iraqis remain committed to the
idea of Iraq as a unified state - not one split between Shia, Sunnis,
Kurds and other groups.
A poll for the BBC and ABC News released on the eve of the general's
testimony bore this out.
But this is not enough to overcome the violence.
"I am the optimistic one in my family," says Kulsoom. "But I have to
admit that nothing has changed."
BBC News |