Making the best 'reading' choice

by Lionel Wijesiri

There is no end to the making of lists of 'great books'. There have always been more books than anyone could read. And as they have multiplied through the centuries, more and more best-seller lists have had to be made.

No matter how long your life, you will, at best, be able to read only a few books of all that have been written, and the few you do read should include the best. It is to be expected that the selections will change with the times. Yet there is a surprising uniformity in the lists which represent the best choices of any period. In every age, the list makers include both ancient and modern books in their selections.

Signs

What are the signs by which we may recognise a great book? The six I will mention may not be all there are, but they are the ones I've found most useful in explaining my choices over the years.

• Great books are probably the most widely read

They are not best sellers for a year or two. They are enduring best sellers. Gone with the Wind has had relatively few readers compared to the plays of Shakespeare or Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, The astronomer Johannes Kepler, whose work on the planetary motions is now a classic, is reported to have said of his book that "it may wait a century for a reader, as God has waited 6000 years for an observer."

• Great books are popular, not academic

They are not written by specialists about specialties for specialists. Whether they be philosophy or science, or history or poetry, they treat of human, not academic, problems. They are written for men, not professors. To read a textbook for advanced students, you have to read an elementary textbook first. But the great can be considered elementary in the sense that they treat the elements of any subject matter.

They are not related to one another as a series of textbooks, graded in difficulty or in the technicality of the problems with which they deal.

There is one kind of prior reading, however, which does help you to read a great book, and that is the other great books the author himself read. Let me illustrate this point by taking Euclid's Elements of Geometry and Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Euclid requires no prior study of mathematics. His book is genuinely an introduction to geometry, and to basic arithmetic as well. The same cannot be said for

Newton, because Newton uses mathematics in the solution of physical problems. His style shows how deeply he was influenced by Euclid's treatment of ratio and proportions. His book is, therefore, not readily intelligible, even to scientists, unless Euclid has been read before.

I am not saying that great scientific books can be read without effort. I am saying that if they are read in an historical order, the effort is rewarded. Just as Euclid illuminates Newton and Galileo, so they in turn help to make Einstein intelligible. The point applies to philosophical books as well.

• Great books are always contemporary

In contrast, the books we call 'contemporary,' because they are currently popular, last only fora year or two, or ten at the most.

You probably cannot recall the names of many earlier best sellers, and you probably would not be interested in reading them. But the great books are never outmoded by the movement of thought or the shifting winds of doctrine and opinion.

People regard the 'classics' as the great has-beens, the great books of other times. Our times are different," they say.

On the contrary, the great books are not dusty remains for scholars to investigate.

They are, rather, the most potent civilising forces in the world today.

The fundamental human problems remain the same in all ages. Anyone who reads the speeches of Demosthenes and the letters of Cicero, or the essays of Bacon and Montaigne, will find how constant is the preoccupation of men with happiness and justice, with virtue and truth and even with stability and change itself.

We may accelerate the motions of life, but we cannot seem to change the routes that are available to its goals.

• Great books are the most readable

They will not let you down if you try to read them well. They have more ideas per page than most books have in their entirety. That is why you can read a great book over and over again and never exhaust its contents.

They can be read at many different levels of understanding, as well as with a great diversity of interpretations. Obvious examples are Gulliver's Travels, Robinson Crusoe and the Odyssey. Children can read them with enjoyment, but fail to find therein all the beauty and significance which delight an adult mind,

• Great books are the most instructive

This follows from the fact that they are original communications; they contain what cannot be found in other books. Whether you ultimately agree or disagree with what they say, these are the primary teachers of mankind; they have made the basic contributions to human thought.

It is almost unnecessary to add that the great books are the most influential books.

In the tradition of learning, they have been most discussed by readers who have also been writers. These are the books about which there are many other books-countless and, for the most part, forgotten.

• Great books deal with the persistently unsolved problems of human life

There are genuine mysteries in the world that mark the limits of human knowing and thinking. Inquiry not only begins with wonder, but usually ends with it also.

Great minds acknowledge mysteries honestly. Wisdom is fortified, not destroyed, by understanding its limitations. It is by reading the great books that we, as readers, can join the larger brotherhood of man which recognises no national boundaries.