Hawaii's pygmy killer whales do not roam
A new study of pygmy killer whales - one of the least understood
marine mammal species - shows that those living off Hawaii tend to stay
close to the islands and don't swim out to the open ocean.
There are very few of the whales, probably less than 200 individuals,
in this distinct pygmy killer whale population off the islands. The
population's limited number make it more vulnerable than other whale
populations to potentially harmful human behaviour, including fishing
and Navy sonar, said a paper published in the journal Marine Mammal
Science.
"It's just much more likely that human activities could impact the
population, hurt the population," said Robin Baird, a marine biologist
with the Olympia, Washington-based Cascadia Research Collective and one
of the study's authors.
The
study was based on an ongoing photo identification project launched in
the mid-1980s by Daniel McSweeney of the Wild Whale Research Foundation
in Holualoa on the Big Island.
The study's authors examined 3,431 photos of pygmy killer whales
taken over 22 years. Most of the whales were spotted off the Big Island,
though a few were found off Oahu, Lanai and Niihau.
The authors used the photos to distinguish (tell apart) the whales by
their body scars, dorsal fin shapes and other distinctive
characteristics.
The study showed that researchers repeatedly came across the same
whales, including one individual who was spotted over a 21-year period.
The analysis also showed pygmy killer whales appear to be social
animals, with many staying close to other individuals for at least 15
years.
Their stable, long-term relationships resemble the social behaviours
of killer whales and pilot whales, the paper said.
Pygmy killer whales are found in tropical and subtropical waters
around the world. Yet they are among the least understood toothed
whales, in part because they generally live in the open ocean and so are
harder for scientists to study.
Baird said Hawaii's group was the only known case of a pygmy killer
whale population that remained isolated in one area and didn't venture
out to the open ocean.
On average, the researchers spotted pygmy killer whales about 3.7
miles from Hawaii shores. The furthest offshore sighting was at 9.3
miles.
Baird said Hawaii's pygmy killer whales, like Cuvier's beaked whales
and almost 10 other whale and dolphin species living in island waters,
don't venture far because there isn't much food for them just outside
Hawaiian waters.
The islands are their most reliable source of food, so they stay
nearby.
Hawaii's pygmy killer whales are so rare, however, that they
accounted for only 11, or 1.2 per cent, of 889 whale and dolphin
sightings the researchers made off Hawaii between 2000 and 2007.
- AP
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