Power swaps may help future energy needs
DAEGU, Republic of Korea: Cross-border power exchanges can play a
central role in helping Asia and the Pacific meet its booming demand for
power, which is set to sharply outpace the rest of the world over the
next two decades, said a comprehensive new report from the Asian
Development Bank (ADB).
"Our projections show the region will consume more than half the
world's energy supply by 2035, with electricity consumption more than
doubling as economic growth and rising affluence drive demand," said
Special Senior Advisor, Infrastructure and Public-Private Partnerships
at ADB, S. Chander.
"Countries cannot meet these huge power requirements on their own, so
the region must accelerate cross-border interconnection of electricity
and gas grids to improve efficiencies, cut costs, and take advantage of
surplus energy."
The Energy Outlook for Asia and the Pacific report provides in-depth
data and projections on energy use at the sub-region, country, and
sector levels until 2035, along with an analysis of the impacts of a
"business as usual" approach to power, and an alternative approach in
which countries scale up efficiencies and low carbon technologies.
Fossil fuels will continue to dominate the energy mix in the coming
decades, with the demand for coal set to rise by more than 50% over the
outlook period, or nearly 2% a year, led by consumption in the People's
Republic of China and a pickup in use in Southeast Asia as countries
look for low cost options to diversify existing supply sources.
Oil demand will also grow by 2% a year, led by the transport sector,
with newly affluent South Asians buying an increasing number of motor
vehicles. Natural gas demand will expand at the fastest annual pace of
4% because of the lower environmental burden and ease of use.
The reliance on fossil fuels presents major pricing, energy security
and environmental challenges, with Asia and the Pacific's carbon dioxide
emissions set to double by 2035, making up more than half the world's
total output.
Without reducing its heavy reliance on oil imports, using power more
efficiently, and adopting more green energy options, the region will see
a growing energy divide between the rich and poor, and increasing
threats from climate change.
Using a mix of efficiency measures, advanced generation technologies,
and greater use of renewable power could almost halve the projected
annual rise in energy demand through to 2035. More efficient oil
refining and gas processing, along with a reduction in demand for
electricity, offer the bulk of the energy savings potential.
There are big opportunities for building on existing cross-border
power exchange initiatives in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Central
Asia, with the ultimate goal of setting up a pan-Asia energy market by
2030. Closer cooperation will have other positive spinoffs including new
economic opportunities and warmer relations.
Meeting the region's energy needs will come at a hefty cost with
estimates that the sector will require new investments of about $11.7
trillion through to 2035, based on business-as-usual power use patterns.
The investments will swell to about $19.9 trillion under the
alternative approach because of the adoption of pricey advanced coal and
natural gas fired generation technologies, and low carbon options like
wind and solar energy.
Finding ways of removing regulatory barriers are crucial for the
broader use of renewable energy.
The report was prepared by a team from the Asia Pacific Energy
Research Centre of the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, under an
ADB regional technical assistance project.
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