Prices continue to drop, but food subsidies a concern - World Bank
Prices of internationally traded food declined for the third
consecutive quarter since their historical peak in August 2012.
Increased production, declining imports and increasing stocks are
exerting downward pressure on export prices, but international prices
remain tight for maize.
Prices remain high and with the recent price increases in May and
June, uncertainties surrounding unstable weather conditions and domestic
policy decisions among key food producers warrant close scrutiny.
Domestic policies worth watching include public procurement policies,
but also consumer price subsidies, which, far from being a thing of the
past, continue to be used - even though subsidies often bring meagre
benefits to the poor, high fiscal costs, corruption and unproved
nutritional effects.
Recent decisions by the governments of India, Indonesia and Benin to
extend consumer food subsidies indicate that such policies remain in
vogue.
Between the 1950s and 1970s, developing countries used universal food
subsidies as major components of their poverty alleviation strategies.
Rising food prices and recurring price spikes have revived the
popularity of such subsidies, leading countries with high poverty and
weak safety nets to make food available at below-market prices - for
example by subsidising imports or giving vulnerable groups access to
food discount stores.
Yet, the long-held consensus regarding consumer food subsidies, just
as with electricity and fuel subsidies, is that when untargeted and
poorly implemented, they are not effective in helping the poor. They can
also distort market prices and agricultural production, while leaving
nations with a hefty fiscal bill.
Data from the Middle East and North Africa, the region most dependent
on generalised subsidies, illustrate the harmful equity and fiscal
implications of consumer subsidies. According to International Monetary
Fund estimates, only 35 percent of the amount spent on subsidies reaches
the bottom 40 percent of the population.
Country-specific estimates also confirm that the share of benefits
from food subsidies reaching the poor is a fraction of total benefits. |